大联考雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（一）
英语
本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时、先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When did the match actually start
A. At 6:45 pm. B. At 7:15 pm. C. At 7:30 pm
2. What does the man mean
A. He prefers study to a picnic. B. He dislikes autumn. C. He is rather busy.
3. Where does, the conversation probably take place
A. In a shopping mall. B. In a supermarket. C. In the street.
4. What do the speakers think of the performance
A. Moving. B. Disappointing. C. Interesting.
5. Which shoes are the most expensive
A. The red ones. B. The white ones. C. The blue ones.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话威独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. What does the woman want to do
A. Rent a vehicle. B. Collect a vehicle. C. Purchase a vehicle.
7. What does the man offer to do
A. Bring an agreement. B. Send a confirmation number. C. Search the database.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. What happened last night
A. The air conditioner broke down.
B The electricity was cut off due to the strong wind.
C. The electric fans broke down.
9. What will the man probably do
A. Buy some ice. B. Repair the air conditioner. C. Repair the electricity system.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
10. What is the man speaker
A. A physician. B. An operator. C. A nurse.
11. What's wrong with the woman's brother
A. He hurt his leg. B. He was out of breath. C. He lost consciousness.
12. What information is needed
A. The woman's brother's name. B. The woman's location. C. The woman's phone number.
13. What is the man speaker's suggestion
A. Keeping cool. B. Sending for a doctor. C. Moving to a safe place.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14. Why does Cherry call Ryan
A. Because she misses him.
B. Because she needs volunteers to help out.
C. Because she wants to introduce Linda to him.
15. When will Ryan probably have time to help out
A. Sunday. B. Friday afternoon. C. Both mornings of Friday and Saturday.
16. What does Ryan have to do before leaving
A. He has to get in touch with Linda.
B. He has to get the book orders out.
C. He has to give guided tours to the new students.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
17. What will the railway company do with the car park
A. Change it for a multi-story one.
B. Enlarge the parking area.
C. Connect it to the High street.
18. What does the speaker say about the library
A. It will move to a different site.
B. It will close for about six weeks.
C. It will extend the opening hours.
19. What change will be made to the nature reserve
A. The council will offer the fund to it.
B. There will be a charge for access to it.
C. A national organization will manage it.
20. What's the speaker doing
A. Announcing some plans. B. Giving a lecture. C. Introducing a town.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you want to understand China but can’t afford an expensive international flight, these four books can give you a complete overview of the country.
River Town
River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze by Peter Hessler-This book is a journal of the author’s two years spent teaching English in a small town called Fuling, situated on the banks of the Yangtze River. Hessler writes about his experiences living in a foreign culture and observing the lives of the town’s residents. The book was published in 2001 and has won several awards, including the Kiriyama Prize.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
It is a book that tells the story of China’s modernization. It was written by Ezra Vogel and published in 2011. The author describes how Deng Xiaoping’s policies led to significant changes in China’s economy and society. The book has received critical honors and won the Lionel Gelber Prize In 2012.
The Search for Modern China by Jonathan Spence
This book is a comprehensive history of China from the Ming dynasty to the present day. The author, a prominent scholar of Chinese history, provides a detailed analysis of the social, cultural, and political changes that have taken place in China over the past 500 years. The book was first put out in 1990 and has since been revised and updated several times. This book was the top bestseller for years.
Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China
Written by Leslie T. Chang, this book, published in 2008, is reportage on the lives of young women who leave their rural homes to work in factories in China’s cities. Chang, a former New York Times correspondent (someone who is employed by a newspaper or a television station etc. to report news from a particular area or on a particular subject), interviewed hundreds of factory girls to provide insight into the social and economic changes in China.
1. What kind of book is River Town
A. Science fiction. B. Nonfiction.
C. A travel guide of Fuling. D. A reference book.
2. What is TRUE about The Search for Modern China by Jonathan Spence
A. It was published 500 years ago. B. It was written by a history teacher.
C. It was very popular. D. It has remained the same since its first publication.
3. Which book is written by a reporter
A. River Town.
B. Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China.
C. The Search for Modern China.
D. Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China.
B
Four years ago, Rome Leykin was on his way to work when he accidentally fell onto the tracks of Brooklyn's L train as a subway was approaching. The incident resulted in the loss of both of his legs.
But surprisingly, with the loss of his legs, Leykin gained a new passion for racing. Before his accident, he wasn't really that athletic. He would just occasionally play basketball. But that all changed after he was introduced to hand cycling. “When I saw it, I was like, ‘Oh, this is great. You don't even need legs to use it. This is perfect.’” he said. “So, I got on it, I rode and fell in love with it right away.”
Within a few months, he completed the TD Five Boro Bike Tour. a 40-mile ride through New York City. After that, he did his first marathon in 2021. He fished that race in 2 hours and 11 minutes, placing 12th out of 38.
“I'm going to attend this year's marathon and take on challenges. My hands are on the wheel, my eyes are focused, and I think my time is going to speak for itself.” he said. He's made a significant commitment to training. He hand cycles at least 13.1 miles a couple times a week and spends a lot of time in the gym.
And he plans to keep pursuing his athlete goals. He wants to complete the Abbott Six-the world's six largest marathons. One day, he said, he'll maybe even make the Paralympics.
For those who might be following his journey he hopes they will take some lessons from his story. “There will be ups and downs but the trend is what's important. Focus on the good,” he said. “And also, take your big problems and split them into small solutions. And then all of a sudden, your big problems turn into many small wins.”
4. What can we learn about Rome Leykin from paragraph 2
A. He once was an excellent basketball player.
B. He considered hand cycling difficult in the beginning.
C. He made hand cycling more popular among the disabled.
D. He showed an interest in hand cycling the moment he saw it.
5. How did Rome Leykin feel about the coming marathon
A. Worried. B. Curious. C. Confident. D. Nervous.
6. Which of the following can best describe Rome Leykin
A. Easy-going and reliable. B. Kind-hearted and helpful.
C. Open-minded and creative. D. Strong-willed and ambitious.
7. What message does Rome Leykin convey in the last paragraph
A. Stick to your dreams. B. Break down your goals.
C. Focus on your strengths. D. Achieve success at all costs.
C
Around the Sahara Desert daytime temperatures can reach 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Centigrade). Not many organisms can survive in this severe environment. But an insect called the Saharan silver ant thrives. They quickly run onto the sand from their protected nests to gather up the bodies of less fortunate insects that have died from the heat.
“The hotter the day, the more insect bodies they will find and the more food they have.”says Sarah Pfeffer, an animal behaviorist at Ulm University in Germany. She says that to avoid sinking into the Saharan sand, where they could meet the same fate as their lunch, silver ants have to be fast.
To document just how quickly the ants move, Pfeffer and her colleagues set up high-speed cameras above a channel between the entrance to the hungry ants' nest and a food source. The researchers recorded top speeds approaching 35 inches per second.
“But if you really know how big the animals are, and you calculate the body length per second, you come up with a walking speed that is an astonishing 108 body lengths per second.” That figure makes them the fastest known ant on the planet.
The videos revealed how the ants achieve such great speeds. As they accelerate. their leg movements become synchronized (同步的). They increase their step length by bringing all six feet off the sand at once. “Really, all legs are lifted from the ground. They are in air, but it's not jumping. It's a very smooth run that they have” says Pfeffer.
Pfeffer says they're faster than a closely related ant species called Cataglyphis fortis, which has longer legs but a less impressive airborne phase (腾空阶段). That ant only reaches about 24 inches per second, or two thirds of the silver ant's maximum.
The Saharan silver ants' rapid speeds may be impressive, but two insects are even Laster: the California coastal mite and the Australian tiger beetle, both of which also thrive at life-threatening temperatures. Seems that to beat the heat, it pays to be fleet.
8. The underlined word "thrives" in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A. becomes extinct B. moves away C. gets weaker D. lives successfully
9. What can we learn about Saharan silver ants from the passage
A. They sometimes die from the heat.
B. They are the fastest known animals on the planet.
C. Their leg movements become synchronized when they speed up.
D. They move faster than the California coastal mite and the Australian tiger beetle.
10. What does the author want to explain by wing the example of the Cauliform Cresta mile
A. It's important to be fast in an extreme condition.
B. Not many organisms can survive in a severe environment.
C. The animal has a less impressive speed than the Saharan silver ant.
D. Saharan silver ants gather up the bodies of the California coastal mites.
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Animals Survive in Extreme Hot B. The Fastest Known Beetle on the Planet
C. Fleet Ant Beats Saharan Heat D. Ants Increase Step Length by Jumping
D
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.
“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”
That’s because this biofilm-which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an, engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.
The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.
12. What function is the biofilm expected to achieve
A. Updating wearable electronics. B. Acquiring power from evaporation.
C. Changing the way of getting electricity. D. Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”.
13. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”
A. It’s thinner in thickness. B. It’s environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces the cost in usage. D. It employs a rare energy source.
14. How does the biofilm power small devices
A. By interacting with solar power. B. By gaining energy from electronic systems.
C. By using water to generate electricity. D. By producing continuous electricity from sweat.
15. Which of the following best describes the biofilm
A. Flexible. B. Controversial. C. Promising. D. Delicate.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
You Are a Better Person Than You Think You Are
Maybe you haven’t achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame. ____16____ But this doesn’t mean you are a bad person or a failure. You could indeed be a wonderful individual. You could actually be a much better person than you believe you are. So, let’s examine the idea that you might be better than you think.
You show kindness
Being polite and kind is the mark of a good person. When you do this, you are treating others like you would want to be treated. ____17____ Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.
You are a positive person
Keeping an optimistic attitude is also a trait of a good person with a powerful character. It is easy to become negative with all the bad things going on in the world, but there’s another way to look at these things. When you’re actually better than you think, you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone. ____18____
____19____
Being wise is not about being intelligent. It’s about learning from life experiences. Why does this make you a better person than you think Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made. You are a good person if you’ve collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.
So, go easy on yourself. Appreciate who you are. If there are things you need to change, that’s okay. ____20____ It’s about our attitude and our heart. I bet, if you took the time to read this, you are a better person than you think.
A. You give honest comments.
B. It’s just all about showing optimism.
C. We all have problems and imperfections.
D. You are wise, and you share your wisdom.
E. Maybe you have made many mistakes as well.
F. Respecting others and their space shows adulthood, which is a sign of a truly good person.
G. This may include opening doors for others or picking up change for people in front of you at the checkout line.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I manage a financial department. I recently promised my team that if they exceeded (超过) their goal, the company would ____21____ them to a very good Italian restaurant that we all love. They exceeded the goal by a lot, so I made a ____22____ for the sixteen of us.
The day of our outing, we were seated. Right away and in a while the waitress took our _____23_____ Then, the waitress told us that she was sorry, because the person who was supposed to be helping her didn't ____24____. So she had to ____25____ our party, and other customers on her own.
She looked visibly ____26____ when I told her that I would pay for everything on one check instead of separate checks. Our ordering was a little chaotic (混乱). We were busy having fun and conversation, so none of us ____27____ that. The food was delicious and we enjoyed it very much. It came time for the ____28____ and, as was explained to me when I made the reservation, the restaurant ____29____ an 18% tip to the bill. The bill came to about US $650 before the tip and I gave her my credit card.
She returned with my receipt and thanked us and _____30_____ that their service was a little slow. We told her everything was perfect and thanked her for working so hard. She had been so nice to us and _____31_____, that I left an additional US $50 cash tip in the receipt folder.
All of a sudden, the waitress came out of the restaurant and grabbed my arm. I was thinking if I forgot to sign the _____32_____ or something when I noticed she had _____33_____ in her eyes. She thanked me for the tip and said she really didn't _____34_____ it. She had had a _____35_____ time lately and the tip really warmed her heart.
21. A. deliver B. treat C. send D. lead
22. A. promise B. reservation C. difference D. remark
23. A. order B. invitation C. shelf D. menu
24. A. set off B. calm down C. show up D. ring back
25. A. observe B. attend C. handle D. postpone
26. A. embarrassed B. shockod C. frightened D. relieved
27. A. minded B. heard C. missed D. noticed
28. A. wealth B. welfare C. payment D. wage
29. A. reduced B. passed C. returned D. added
30. A. apologized B. announced C. informed D. indicated
31. A. generous B. patient C. honest D. intelligent
32. A. form B. substitute C. procedure D. receipt
33. A. smiles B. disappointment C. tears D. hope
34. A. understand B. deserve C. want D. expect
35. A. tough B. warm C. wonderful D. precious
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tibetan New Year, also known as Losar, is the most important festival in Tibet and is celebrated for 15 days, ____36____ (typical) falling in February or March. In 2023, Tibetan New Year fell ____37____ Feb. 21. The celebrations include a range of customs and traditions that reflect the unique culture and identity of the Tibetan people.
Before the ____38____ (arrive) of the New Year, Tibetans engage in thorough cleaning of their homes and surroundings. This practice is to get rid of bad luck in the previous year. They also make offerings to the gods and ancestors ____39____ (seek) blessings for the upcoming year. Decorating homes and public places is a common custom during Losar. In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns, and their hair ____40____ (style) in fashion.
During the New Year, Tibetans enjoy feasts with their family and friends. Traditional dishes such as momos, a type of ____41____ (steam) dumpling filled with meat or vegetables, ____42____ Tibetan butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves, are served. Sweet treats like Tibetan butter cookies and dried fruit are also enjoyed.
The Losar celebrations come to ____43____ end with a grand ceremony. People gather in public spaces and light incense (香) and candles ____44____ offering food, drinks and other items to the gods. This is followed by the ceremony of throwing Tsampa, a roasted barley flour into the air as a symbol of letting go of the past year and ____45____ (embrace) new beginnings.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周在某国外网站购买了一支录音笔，收货后你发现它有很多质量问题。请根据下列提示给客服经理Miss Brown发一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 写信的目的；
2. 产品（录音笔）问题描述；
3. 你期待商家如何解决问题
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：录音笔recording pen
Dear Miss Brown
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。
During the summer before Patty entered fifth grade, she decided to try a new sport. Swim training was nearly over and Patty was the fastest swimmer in her age group. She had always been the best. The neighborhood was offering a one-week tennis training course. Patty and her friend Darla got permission from their parents to join.
On Saturday morning, Darla’s mom took the girls to a store and bought them each a good, used tennis racket. “If you girls stick to tennis, then we’ll talk about a new racket. These will do for now.” The girls were excited about their new purchases. On Monday morning, at 7:00 a.m., Patty’s mom woke her up. “It’s time for tennis!” Patty covered her face. “Mom, it’s too early!” She made great effort to get out of bed and down to the breakfast table. Patty finished breakfast and ran to Darla’s house, then they walked to the court.
Mrs. Cane, the tennis coach, lined everyone up and started with the basics. After that, Mrs. Cane tirelessly taught them to practice their forehand and backhand. By the end of the week, Patty had made impressive progress. Mrs. Cane commented that Patty had lots of potential. Darla, on the other hand, was struggling. The other teenagers were having a tough time of it, too. Patty was the only one who seemed to get somewhere.
Since then, Darla had always been out in the August heat, practicing her serves or hitting the ball. Patty wasn’t really interested. She felt she was such a “natural” for tennis that she really didn’t need to practice. By the end of the summer, Darla began to get the hang of it. She joined a neighborhood junior tennis team. There would be matches every Thursday. Patty wanted to join as well, but she didn’t want to miss her favorite TV show. She told herself that she would join it when she got some free time. If Darla had fun, she would join the team in the spring.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The week before school started, Mrs. Cane held another training course.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patty couldn’t stop thinking of her poor performance on the way home.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力1-5BCABA 6-10ACBAB 11-15CBABC 16-20BBCCA大联考雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（一）
英语
本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时、先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. When did the match actually start
A. At 6:45 pm. B. At 7:15 pm. C. At 7:30 pm
2. What does the man mean
A. He prefers study to a picnic. B. He dislikes autumn. C. He is rather busy.
3. Where does, the conversation probably take place
A. In a shopping mall. B. In a supermarket. C. In the street.
4. What do the speakers think of the performance
A. Moving. B. Disappointing. C. Interesting.
5. Which shoes are the most expensive
A. The red ones. B. The white ones. C. The blue ones.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话威独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. What does the woman want to do
A. Rent a vehicle. B. Collect a vehicle. C. Purchase a vehicle.
7. What does the man offer to do
A. Bring an agreement. B. Send a confirmation number. C. Search the database.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. What happened last night
A. The air conditioner broke down.
B The electricity was cut off due to the strong wind.
C. The electric fans broke down.
9. What will the man probably do
A. Buy some ice. B. Repair the air conditioner. C. Repair the electricity system.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
10. What is the man speaker
A. A physician. B. An operator. C. A nurse.
11. What's wrong with the woman's brother
A. He hurt his leg. B. He was out of breath. C. He lost consciousness.
12. What information is needed
A. The woman's brother's name. B. The woman's location. C. The woman's phone number.
13. What is the man speaker's suggestion
A. Keeping cool. B. Sending for a doctor. C. Moving to a safe place.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
14. Why does Cherry call Ryan
A. Because she misses him.
B. Because she needs volunteers to help out.
C. Because she wants to introduce Linda to him.
15. When will Ryan probably have time to help out
A. Sunday. B. Friday afternoon. C. Both mornings of Friday and Saturday.
16. What does Ryan have to do before leaving
A. He has to get in touch with Linda.
B. He has to get the book orders out.
C. He has to give guided tours to the new students.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
17. What will the railway company do with the car park
A. Change it for a multi-story one.
B. Enlarge the parking area.
C. Connect it to the High street.
18. What does the speaker say about the library
A. It will move to a different site.
B. It will close for about six weeks.
C. It will extend the opening hours.
19. What change will be made to the nature reserve
A. The council will offer the fund to it.
B. There will be a charge for access to it.
C. A national organization will manage it.
20. What's the speaker doing
A. Announcing some plans. B. Giving a lecture. C. Introducing a town.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you want to understand China but can’t afford an expensive international flight, these four books can give you a complete overview of the country.
River Town
River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze by Peter Hessler-This book is a journal of the author’s two years spent teaching English in a small town called Fuling, situated on the banks of the Yangtze River. Hessler writes about his experiences living in a foreign culture and observing the lives of the town’s residents. The book was published in 2001 and has won several awards, including the Kiriyama Prize.
Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China
It is a book that tells the story of China’s modernization. It was written by Ezra Vogel and published in 2011. The author describes how Deng Xiaoping’s policies led to significant changes in China’s economy and society. The book has received critical honors and won the Lionel Gelber Prize In 2012.
The Search for Modern China by Jonathan Spence
This book is a comprehensive history of China from the Ming dynasty to the present day. The author, a prominent scholar of Chinese history, provides a detailed analysis of the social, cultural, and political changes that have taken place in China over the past 500 years. The book was first put out in 1990 and has since been revised and updated several times. This book was the top bestseller for years.
Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China
Written by Leslie T. Chang, this book, published in 2008, is reportage on the lives of young women who leave their rural homes to work in factories in China’s cities. Chang, a former New York Times correspondent (someone who is employed by a newspaper or a television station etc. to report news from a particular area or on a particular subject), interviewed hundreds of factory girls to provide insight into the social and economic changes in China.
1. What kind of book is River Town
A. Science fiction. B. Nonfiction.
C. A travel guide of Fuling. D. A reference book.
2. What is TRUE about The Search for Modern China by Jonathan Spence
A. It was published 500 years ago. B. It was written by a history teacher.
C. It was very popular. D. It has remained the same since its first publication.
3. Which book is written by a reporter
A. River Town.
B. Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China.
C. The Search for Modern China.
D. Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四本中国主题的文学作品。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据“River Town”部分的“This book is a journal of the author’s two years spent teaching English in a small town called Fuling, situated on the banks of the Yangtze River.(这本书是作者在长江岸边一个叫涪陵的小镇教英语两年的日记。)”可知，River Town是作者的生活日志，属于nonfjction系列。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Search for Modern China by Jonathan Spence”部分的“This book was the top bestseller for years.(这本书多年来一直是最畅销书。)”可知，这本书销量高，很受欢迎。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China”部分的“Chang, a former New York Times correspondent (someone who is employed by a newspaper or a television station etc. to report news from a particular area or on a particular subject)(前《纽约时报》记者（受雇于报纸或电视台等报道特定地区或特定主题新闻的人）)”可知，Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China这本书的作者是一名记者。故选D。
B
Four years ago, Rome Leykin was on his way to work when he accidentally fell onto the tracks of Brooklyn's L train as a subway was approaching. The incident resulted in the loss of both of his legs.
But surprisingly, with the loss of his legs, Leykin gained a new passion for racing. Before his accident, he wasn't really that athletic. He would just occasionally play basketball. But that all changed after he was introduced to hand cycling. “When I saw it, I was like, ‘Oh, this is great. You don't even need legs to use it. This is perfect.’” he said. “So, I got on it, I rode and fell in love with it right away.”
Within a few months, he completed the TD Five Boro Bike Tour. a 40-mile ride through New York City. After that, he did his first marathon in 2021. He fished that race in 2 hours and 11 minutes, placing 12th out of 38.
“I'm going to attend this year's marathon and take on challenges. My hands are on the wheel, my eyes are focused, and I think my time is going to speak for itself.” he said. He's made a significant commitment to training. He hand cycles at least 13.1 miles a couple times a week and spends a lot of time in the gym.
And he plans to keep pursuing his athlete goals. He wants to complete the Abbott Six-the world's six largest marathons. One day, he said, he'll maybe even make the Paralympics.
For those who might be following his journey, he hopes they will take some lessons from his story. “There will be ups and downs but the trend is what's important. Focus on the good,” he said. “And also, take your big problems and split them into small solutions. And then all of a sudden, your big problems turn into many small wins.”
4. What can we learn about Rome Leykin from paragraph 2
A. He once was an excellent basketball player.
B. He considered hand cycling difficult in the beginning.
C. He made hand cycling more popular among the disabled.
D. He showed an interest in hand cycling the moment he saw it.
5. How did Rome Leykin feel about the coming marathon
A. Worried. B. Curious. C. Confident. D. Nervous.
6. Which of the following can best describe Rome Leykin
A. Easy-going and reliable. B. Kind-hearted and helpful.
C. Open-minded and creative. D. Strong-willed and ambitious.
7. What message does Rome Leykin convey in the last paragraph
A. Stick to your dreams. B. Break down your goals.
C. Focus on your strengths. D. Achieve success at all costs.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了罗姆·雷金（Rome Leykin）在一次意外事故中失去双腿后，通过手动脚踏车运动重新找到了对运动的热情，并开始参加手动自行车比赛和马拉松比赛。他坚定地训练自己，希望能够完成世界六大马拉松赛事，甚至进入残奥会。他希望人们从他的故事中学到：面对问题要专注于积极的一面，将大问题拆分为小的解决方案，从小胜利中获得成长。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中““When I saw it, I was like, ‘Oh, this is great. You don't even need legs to use it. This is perfect.’” he said. “So, I got on it, I rode and fell in love with it right away.”(“当我看到它的时候，我就想，‘哦，这太棒了。你甚至不需要腿就能使用它。这是完美的。’”他说。“所以，我骑上了它，马上就爱上了它。”)”可知，他一看到手动自行车就表现出了兴趣。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“He's made a significant commitment to training. He hand cycles at least 13.1 miles a couple times a week and spends a lot of time in the gym.(他对训练作出了重大承诺。他每周骑几次自行车至少13.1英里，并花很多时间在健身房。)”可知，他对即将到来的比赛，做了大量的准备和训练，因此是信心满满的。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Within a few months, he completed the TD Five Boro Bike Tour. a 40-mile ride through New York City. After that, he did his first marathon in 2021. He fished that race in 2 hours and 11 minutes, placing 12th out of 38.(在几个月内，他完成了TD五Boro自行车之旅。在纽约市骑行40英里之后，他在2021年参加了自己的第一次马拉松比赛。他以2小时11分钟的成绩完成了比赛，在38名选手中排名第12。)”以及倒数第二段中“He wants to complete the Abbott Six-the world's six largest marathons. One day, he said, he'll maybe even make the Paralympics.(他想完成雅培六场马拉松赛——世界上最大的六场马拉松赛。他说，有一天，他甚至可能参加残奥会。)”可知，Rome Leykin不仅身残志坚，而且还积极准备参加更多的比赛。由此体现出他是意志坚强和有着远大抱负的人。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And also, take your big problems and split them into small solutions. And then all of a sudden, your big problems turn into many small wins.(同时，把你的大问题分解成小的解决方案。然后突然之间，你的大问题变成了许多小胜利。)”可知，Rome Leykin认为在实现目标过程中，面对问题要专注于积极的一面，将大问题拆分为小的解决方案，从小胜利中获得成长。B选项“Break down your goals.(拆分你的目标)”符合文章信息。故选B。
C
Around the Sahara Desert, daytime temperatures can reach 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Centigrade). Not many organisms can survive in this severe environment. But an insect called the Saharan silver ant thrives. They quickly run onto the sand from their protected nests to gather up the bodies of less fortunate insects that have died from the heat.
“The hotter the day, the more insect bodies they will find and the more food they have.”says Sarah Pfeffer, an animal behaviorist at Ulm University in Germany. She says that to avoid sinking into the Saharan sand, where they could meet the same fate as their lunch, silver ants have to be fast.
To document just how quickly the ants move, Pfeffer and her colleagues set up high-speed cameras above a channel between the entrance to the hungry ants' nest and a food source. The researchers recorded top speeds approaching 35 inches per second.
“But if you really know how big the animals are, and you calculate the body length per second, you come up with a walking speed that is an astonishing 108 body lengths per second.” That figure makes them the fastest known ant on the planet.
The videos revealed how the ants achieve such great speeds. As they accelerate. their leg movements become synchronized (同步的). They increase their step length by bringing all six feet off the sand at once. “Really, all legs are lifted from the ground. They are in air, but it's not jumping. It's a very smooth run that they have” says Pfeffer.
Pfeffer says they're faster than a closely related ant species called Cataglyphis fortis, which has longer legs but a less impressive airborne phase (腾空阶段). That ant only reaches about 24 inches per second, or two thirds of the silver ant's maximum.
The Saharan silver ants' rapid speeds may be impressive, but two insects are even Laster: the California coastal mite and the Australian tiger beetle, both of which also thrive at life-threatening temperatures. Seems that to beat the heat, it pays to be fleet.
8. The underlined word "thrives" in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A. becomes extinct B. moves away C. gets weaker D. lives successfully
9. What can we learn about Saharan silver ants from the passage
A. They sometimes die from the heat.
B. They are the fastest known animals on the planet.
C. Their leg movements become synchronized when they speed up.
D. They move faster than the California coastal mite and the Australian tiger beetle.
10. What does the author want to explain by wing the example of the Cauliform Cresta mile
A. It's important to be fast in an extreme condition.
B. Not many organisms can survive in a severe environment.
C. The animal has a less impressive speed than the Saharan silver ant.
D. Saharan silver ants gather up the bodies of the California coastal mites.
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Animals Survive in Extreme Hot B. The Fastest Known Beetle on the Planet
C Fleet Ant Beats Saharan Heat D. Ants Increase Step Length by Jumping
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了撒哈拉银蚁这种昆虫能够在极端环境下生存并且以惊人的速度奔跑。这种银蚁的奔跑速度是已知蚂蚁中最快的，比其他亲属种类的蚂蚁速度更快。此外，文章还提到了另外两种昆虫也能在高温环境下生存并且速度更快。因此文章指出对于这些生命体来说，快速移动似乎是在抵抗高温的一种策略。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“ Not many organisms can survive in this severe environment.(没有多少生物能在这种恶劣的环境中生存。)”可知，此处指出没有多少生物活下来，其与but后的句子构成转折，故此处指出这种被称作撒哈拉银蚁这种昆虫却能够在恶劣的环境中生存下来。故划线词与D选项“lives successfully(成功地生存)”为同义词。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“As they accelerate. their leg movements become synchronized (同步的). (当它们加速时。他们的腿部运动变得同步。)”可知，当他们加速时，他们的腿部运动变得同步。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ the California coastal mite and the Australian tiger beetle, both of which also thrive at life-threatening temperatures. Seems that to beat the heat, it pays to be fleet.(加利福尼亚海岸螨和澳大利亚虎甲虫在极度炎热的温度下都能生存繁衍。似乎要抵御酷热，速度是最佳选择。)”可知，通过列举加利福尼亚海岸螨和澳大利亚虎甲虫在极度炎热的温度下都能生存繁衍是因为它们的速度很快，故通过这两个例子是为了说明，在极端条件下保持速度是很重要的。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文这篇文章介绍了撒哈拉银蚁这种昆虫能够在极端环境下生存并且以惊人的速度奔跑。研究人员使用高速摄像机记录了银蚁奔跑时的画面，发现它们的腿部动作非常协调，并且能够一次将六只脚都离开沙地。这种银蚁的奔跑速度是已知蚂蚁中最快的，比其他亲属种类的蚂蚁速度更快。此外，文章还提到了列举加利福尼亚海岸螨和澳大利亚虎甲虫这两种昆虫也能在高温环境下生存并且速度更快。对于这些生命体来说，快速移动似乎是在抵抗高温的一种策略。C选项“Fleet Ant Beats Saharan Heat(速度奔跑的蚂蚁对抗撒哈拉沙漠的高温)”概括文章的主要内容，符合标题。故选C。
D
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity. This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.
“This is a very exciting technology,” says Liu Xiaomeng, graduate student in electrical and computer engineering in UMass Amherst’s College of Engineering and the paper’s lead author. “It generates real green energy, and unlike other so-called ‘green-energy’ sources, its production is totally green.”
That’s because this biofilm-which is a sheet of bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet of paper-is produced naturally by an, engineered version of the bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (硫还原地杆菌). G. sulfurreducens is known to produce electricity and has been used previously in “microbial batteries” to power electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.
The secret behind this new biofilm is that it makes energy from the moisture (水分) on your skin. Though we daily read stories about solar power, at least 50% of the solar energy reaching the earth goes toward evaporating water. “This is a huge, undiscovered source of energy,” says Yao Jun, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper’s one senior author. Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.
12. What function is the biofilm expected to achieve
A. Updating wearable electronics. B. Acquiring power from evaporation.
C. Changing the way of getting electricity. D. Supplying energy to “microbial batteries”.
13. What is the advantage of the biofilm compared with “microbial batteries”
A. It’s thinner in thickness. B. It’s environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces the cost in usage. D. It employs a rare energy source.
14. How does the biofilm power small devices
A. By interacting with solar power. B. By gaining energy from electronic systems.
C. By using water to generate electricity. D. By producing continuous electricity from sweat.
15. Which of the following best describes the biofilm
A. Flexible. B. Controversial. C. Promising. D. Delicate.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中的能量，并将其转化为电能的生物膜。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently announced that they have figured out how to engineer a biofilm (生物膜) that harvests the energy in evaporation (蒸发) and changes it to electricity.(马萨诸塞大学阿姆赫斯特分校的研究人员最近宣布，他们已经发现了如何设计一种生物膜，这种生物膜可以在蒸发中收集能量并将其转化为电能)”可知，研究人员已经知道如何设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中的能量，并将它转化为电能的生物膜了。即这种生物膜的预期功能是从蒸发过程中获取能量。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be properly cared for and fed a constant diet. By contrast, this new biofilm, which can supply as much energy as a comparably sized battery, works continuously, because it is dead. And because it’s dead, it doesn’t need to be fed.(但是这样的电池需要硫还原地杆菌得到适当的照顾和持续的饮食。相比之下，这种新的生物膜可以提供与同等大小的电池一样多的能量，并且可以连续工作，因为它是死的。因为它已经死了，所以不需要喂食)”可知，使用硫还原地杆菌的微生物电池需要使用者照顾硫还原地杆菌，并给它提供食物，而生物膜并没有这些要求，由此可以推断出生物膜降低了使用过程中的花费，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the surface of our skin is constantly moist with sweat, the biofilm can “plug into” it and change the energy locked in evaporation into enough energy to power small equipment. “Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.(由于我们的皮肤表面经常被汗水湿润，生物膜可以“插入”它，并将蒸发锁定的能量转化为足够的能量，为小型设备提供动力。姚说:“我们的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，为更智能的可穿戴电子设备供电。”刘指出，目标之一是为整个电子系统供电，而不是单个设备)”可知，生物膜通过从汗液中产生持续的电力为小型设备供电。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This biofilm, which was announced in Nature Communications, has the potential to revolutionize the world of wearable electronics, powering everything from personal medical sensors to personal electronics.(这种生物膜在《自然通讯》杂志上发表，它有可能彻底改变可穿戴电子产品的世界，为从个人医疗传感器到个人电子产品的一切提供动力)”和最后一段中的““Our next step is to increase the size of our film to power more intelligent wearable electronics,” says Yao, and Liu points out that one of the goals is to power entire electronic systems, rather than single equipment.(姚说：“我们的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，为更智能的可穿戴电子设备供电。”刘指出，目标之一是为整个电子系统供电，而不是单个设备)”可推知，这种生物膜有非常广阔的应用前景。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
You Are a Better Person Than You Think You Are
Maybe you haven’t achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame. ____16____ But this doesn’t mean you are a bad person or a failure. You could indeed be a wonderful individual. You could actually be a much better person than you believe you are. So, let’s examine the idea that you might be better than you think.
You show kindness
Being polite and kind is the mark of a good person. When you do this, you are treating others like you would want to be treated. ____17____ Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.
You are a positive person
Keeping an optimistic attitude is also a trait of a good person with a powerful character. It is easy to become negative with all the bad things going on in the world, but there’s another way to look at these things. When you’re actually better than you think, you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone. ____18____
____19____
Being wise is not about being intelligent. It’s about learning from life experiences. Why does this make you a better person than you think Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made. You are a good person if you’ve collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.
So, go easy on yourself. Appreciate who you are. If there are things you need to change, that’s okay. ____20____ It’s about our attitude and our heart. I bet, if you took the time to read this, you are a better person than you think.
A. You give honest comments.
B. It’s just all about showing optimism.
C. We all have problems and imperfections.
D. You are wise, and you share your wisdom.
E. Maybe you have made many mistakes as well.
F. Respecting others and their space shows adulthood, which is a sign of a truly good person.
G. This may include opening doors for others or picking up change for people in front of you at the checkout line.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。你其实可以成为一个比你认为的更好的人。文章介绍了一些想法让你比想象的更好。
【16题详解】
根据上文提示“Maybe you haven’t achieved goals in a self-appointed time frame.（也许你没有在自己设定的时间框架内实现目标。）”，再根据下文提示“But this doesn’t mean you are a bad person or a failure.（但这并不意味着你是一个坏人或失败者。）”可知，每个人都有不完美的一面，都会犯错。承接上下文，E项“Maybe you have made many mistakes as well.”（也许你也犯了很多错误。）切题。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文提示“Being polite and kind is the mark of a good person. When you do this, you are treating others like you would want to be treated.（礼貌和善良是一个好人的标志。当你这样做的时候，你是在以你希望被对待的方式对待别人。）”再根据下文提示“Even the smallest of things do not go unnoticed and are traits that you have a good heart.（即使是最小的事情也不会被忽视，这是你有一颗善良的心的特征。） ”可知，小事也能展示你的礼貌和善良。承接上下文，G项“This may include opening doors for others or picking up change for people in front of you at the checkout line.”（这可能包括为别人开门，或者在结账时为排在你前面的人拿零钱。）切题。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文提示“When you’re actually better than you think, you will have the habit of looking on the bright side of every situation and seeing the best in everyone.（当你真比自己想象的更好时，你就会养成习惯，看到每件事光明的一面，看到每个人最好的一面。）”可知，我们要有乐观精神。承接上文，B项“It’s just all about showing optimism.”（这一切都是为了表现出乐观。）切题。故选B。
【19题详解】
该空是小标题。根据下文提示“Being wise is not about being intelligent. It’s about learning from life experiences. Why does this make you a better person than you think Wisdom can be passed to others to help them avoid the same mistakes you made. You are a good person if you’ve collected wisdom and love to share lessons with others.（聪明并不意味着聪明。它是关于从生活经验中学习。为什么这会让你成为一个比你想象的更好的人 智慧可以传递给他人，帮助他们避免你犯过的同样的错误。如果你收集智慧并喜欢与他人分享经验教训，你就是一个好人。）”可知，该段讲述的是要与人分享智慧。由此可知，D项“You are wise, and you share your wisdom.”（你很聪明，你分享你的智慧。）切题。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文提示“Appreciate who you are. If there are things you need to change, that’s okay.（欣赏你自己。如果你有需要改变的地方，没关系。）”可知，你也会犯错误，也不完美。承接上文，C项“We all have problems and imperfections.”（我们都有问题和不完美之处。）切题。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I manage a financial department. I recently promised my team that if they exceeded (超过) their goal, the company would ____21____ them to a very good Italian restaurant that we all love. They exceeded the goal by a lot, so I made a ____22____ for the sixteen of us.
The day of our outing, we were seated. Right away and in a while the waitress took our _____23_____ Then, the waitress told us that she was sorry, because the person who was supposed to be helping her didn't ____24____. So she had to ____25____ our party, and other customers on her own.
She looked visibly ____26____ when I told her that I would pay for everything on one check instead of separate checks. Our ordering was a little chaotic (混乱的). We were busy having fun and conversation, so none of us ____27____ that. The food was delicious and we enjoyed it very much. It came time for the ____28____ and, as was explained to me when I made the reservation, the restaurant ____29____ an 18% tip to the bill. The bill came to about US $650 before the tip and I gave her my credit card.
She returned with my receipt and thanked us and _____30_____ that their service was a little slow. We told her everything was perfect and thanked her for working so hard. She had been so nice to us and _____31_____, that I left an additional US $50 cash tip in the receipt folder.
All of a sudden the waitress came out of the restaurant and grabbed my arm. I was thinking if I forgot to sign the _____32_____ or something when I noticed she had _____33_____ in her eyes. She thanked me for the tip and said she really didn't _____34_____ it. She had had a _____35_____ time lately and the tip really warmed her heart.
21. A. deliver B. treat C. send D. lead
22. A. promise B. reservation C. difference D. remark
23. A. order B. invitation C. shelf D. menu
24. A. set off B. calm down C. show up D. ring back
25. A. observe B. attend C. handle D. postpone
26. A. embarrassed B. shockod C. frightened D. relieved
27. A. minded B. heard C. missed D. noticed
28. A. wealth B. welfare C. payment D. wage
29. A. reduced B. passed C. returned D. added
30. A. apologized B. announced C. informed D. indicated
31. A. generous B. patient C. honest D. intelligent
32. A. form B. substitute C. procedure D. receipt
33. A. smiles B. disappointment C. tears D. hope
34. A. understand B. deserve C. want D. expect
35. A. tough B. warm C. wonderful D. precious
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和同事去餐馆用餐，服务员因没有其他人帮忙一个人完成了所有的工作，作者提出一次性付钱并额外给了她小费让她很感激。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最近向我的团队承诺，如果他们超过了目标，公司将邀请他们去一家我们都喜欢的非常好的意大利餐厅。A. deliver分发，派送；B. treat款待；C. send寄送；D. lead引导。根据上文“if they exceeded (超过) their goal”如果他们超过了目标，以及下文“a very good Italian restaurant that we all love.”一家我们都喜欢的非常好的意大利餐厅，可推知，此处应表示作者款待，邀请他们去餐厅吃饭。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们远远超过了目标，所以我为我们16个人预定了一个房间。A. promise承诺； B. reservation预定； C. difference区别；D. remark言论。根据下文“when I made the reservation,”提到预定，可知，此处应表示作者进行了提前预定。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马上，过了一会儿，服务员为我们点了餐。A. order点菜；B. invitation邀请；C. shelf架子；D. menu菜单。根据上文“Right away and in a while”以及下文服务员做的事情可推知，此处应表示服务员为我们点了餐。take one’s order“为某人点餐”。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，服务员告诉我们她很抱歉，因为应该帮助她的人没有出现。A. set off出发；B. calm down镇静；C. show up出现；D. ring back回电话。根据上文“the waitress told us that she was sorry”服务员告诉我们她很抱歉，可推知，此处应表示本应该帮助她的人没有出现。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她不得不独自处理我们的聚会和其他顾客。A. observe观察；B. attend出席；C. handle应付； D. postpone延迟。 根据上文内容以及下文“and other customers on her own.”可知，此处指的是本应该帮助她的人没有出现，所以只能独自应付我们这些客户。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我将用一张支票支付所有的费用，而不是分开支付时，她显然松了一口气。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. shocked震惊的；C. frightened害怕的；D. relieved放松的，宽慰的。根据下文“I would pay for everything on one check instead of separate checks.”用一张支票支付所有的费用，而不是分开支付，可推知，此处应表示作者的做法让服务员松了一口气。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都在忙着找乐子和聊天，所以没人介意。A. minded介意；B. heard听到；C. missed错失；D. noticed注意到。根据上文“We were busy having fun and conversation”我们都在忙着找乐子和聊天，可推知，此处应表示我们没人介意。上下文形成因果关系。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：结账的时候到了，正如我预订时他们向我解释的那样，餐厅在账单上加了18%的小费。A. wealth财富；B. welfare福利；C. payment付款；D. wage工资。根据下文内容“as was explained to me when I made the reservation, the restaurant ____9____ an 18% tip to the bill.”正如我预订时他们向我解释的那样，可推知，此处应表示结账的时候到了。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结账的时候到了，正如我预订时他们向我解释的那样，餐厅在账单上加了18%的小费。A. reduced减少；B. passed通过；C. returned归还；D. added增加。根据下文“an 18% tip to the bill”以及后一句“The bill came to about US $650 before the tip and I gave her my credit card.”加上小费，账单大约是650美元，我把信用卡给了她。可知，此处应表示餐厅在账单上加了18%的小费。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拿着我的收据回来了，感谢我们，并为他们的服务有点慢而道歉。A. apologized道歉；B. announced宣布；C. informed通知；D. indicated表明。根据下文“their service was a little slow.”他们的服务有点慢，可推知，此处应表示因服务有点慢而道歉。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对我们很好，很有耐心，所以我在收据夹里多留了50美元的现金小费。A. generous大方的；B. patient有耐心的；C. honest诚实的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据上文“She returned with my receipt and thanked us”她拿着我的收据回来了，感谢我们。可推知，此处应表示她是很有耐心的。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还在想是不是忘了在收据上签名什么的，这时我注意到她眼里含着泪水。A. form形式；B. substitute替代品；C. procedure过程；D. receipt收据。根据上文“I left an additional US $50 cash tip in the receipt folder.”提到在收据夹里多留了50美元，以及该句中的“I forgot to sign…”可推知，此处应表示作者在想是不是忘了在收据上签名什么的。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还在想是不是忘了在收据上签名什么的，这时我注意到她眼里含着泪水。A. smiles微笑；B. disappointment失望；C. tears眼泪；D. hope希望。根据上下文语境以及下文“in her eyes.”可知，此处应表示眼里含着泪水。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她感谢我的小费，并说她真的没想到。A. understand理解；B. deserve值得；C. want想要；D. expect想到，期待。根据上文“All of a sudden, the waitress came out of the restaurant and grabbed my arm.”女服务员从餐厅里走出来，抓住作者的胳膊，以及“She thanked me for the tip”她感谢作者的小费，可知，此处应表示女服务员没有想到作者会给她小费。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她最近过得很艰难，小费真的温暖了她的心。A. tough艰难的；B. warm温暖的；C. wonderful美妙的，极好的；D. precious宝贵的。根据上文提到的本应该帮助她的人没有出现，以及下文“the tip really warmed her heart.”可推知，此处应表示女服务员最近过得很艰难。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tibetan New Year, also known as Losar, is the most important festival in Tibet and is celebrated for 15 days, ____36____ (typical) falling in February or March. In 2023, Tibetan New Year fell ____37____ Feb. 21. The celebrations include a range of customs and traditions that reflect the unique culture and identity of the Tibetan people.
Before the ____38____ (arrive) of the New Year, Tibetans engage in thorough cleaning of their homes and surroundings. This practice is to get rid of bad luck in the previous year. They also make offerings to the gods and ancestors ____39____ (seek) blessings for the upcoming year. Decorating homes and public places is a common custom during Losar. In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns, and their hair ____40____ (style) in fashion.
During the New Year, Tibetans enjoy feasts with their family and friends. Traditional dishes such as momos, a type of ____41____ (steam) dumpling filled with meat or vegetables, ____42____ Tibetan butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves, are served. Sweet treats like Tibetan butter cookies and dried fruit are also enjoyed.
The Losar celebrations come to ____43____ end with a grand ceremony. People gather in public spaces and light incense (香) and candles ____44____ offering food, drinks and other items to the gods. This is followed by the ceremony of throwing Tsampa, a roasted barley flour into the air as a symbol of letting go of the past year and ____45____ (embrace) new beginnings.
【答案】36. typically
37. on 38. arrival
39. to seek
40. is styled
41. steamed
42. and 43. an
44. while##when
45. embracing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是藏历新年的相关情况。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：藏历新年，也被称为洛萨，是西藏最重要的节日，庆祝15天，通常在2月或3月。空格处用副词修饰动词falling，typical的副词是typically，意为“通常”，故填typically。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：2023年，藏历新年是2月21日。Feb. 21是具体是一天，因此空格处用介词on，故填on。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：在新年到来之前，藏族人会彻底打扫他们的家和周围的环境。由Before the和of可知，空格处用名词，arrive的名词是arrival，是不可数名词，意为“到来”。故填arrival。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：他们还向神灵和祖先献祭，为即将到来的一年寻求祝福。根据语境可知，句子表示“他们还向神灵和祖先献祭，为即将到来的一年寻求祝福”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to seek。
【40题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，人们还用图案装饰他们衣服，他们的发型也很时尚。hair和style之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语hair是不可数名词，因此空格处是is styled。故填is styled。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统菜肴，如momos，一种用肉或蔬菜填满的蒸饺，以及用酥油和茶叶制成的西藏酥油茶。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词dumpling，steam的形容词是steamed，意为“蒸的”。故填steamed。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：传统菜肴，如momos，一种用肉或蔬菜填满的蒸饺，以及用酥油和茶叶制成的西藏酥油茶。meat or vegetables和Tibetan butter tea之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表连接，故填and。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：洛萨节的庆祝活动以盛大的仪式结束。come to an end是固定短语，意为“结束”，故填an。
44题详解】
考查连词。句意：人们聚集在公共场所，点燃熏香和蜡烛，向神灵供奉食物、饮料和其他物品。根据语境可知，句子表示“当人们向神灵供奉食物、饮料和其他物品时，人们会聚集在公共场所，点燃熏香和蜡烛”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用while/when，引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语和be动词，故填while/when。
【45题详解】
考查动名词。句意：然后是向空中投掷Tsampa的仪式，Tsampa是一种烘烤过的大麦面粉，象征着告别过去的一年，迎接新的开始。and表并列，空格处和letting并列，作of的宾语，因此空格处用动名词embracing。故填embracing。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周在某国外网站购买了一支录音笔，收货后你发现它有很多质量问题。请根据下列提示给客服经理Miss Brown发一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 写信的目的；
2. 产品（录音笔）问题描述；
3. 你期待商家如何解决问题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：录音笔recording pen
Dear Miss Brown
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Miss Brown,
I’m writing to tell you something about the recording pen I bought on your website last week. There seems to be something wrong with it. Firstly, the voice isn’t so clear as you claimed. Besides, it’s not easy to operate, which caused me much trouble. Worse still, it often breaks down. A recording pen at such a price shouldn’t have so many problems.
I wonder whether you can do something about it for its poor quality and much inconvenience it has caused. I would appreciate it if I can get my money back and I’ll send it back to you as soon as you return the money. If a full refund is impossible, I wish you could have it repaired or changed.
I’m looking forward to your early reply. Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给客服经理Miss Brown发一封电子邮件，反映买来的录音笔的质量问题。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：firstly→first of all
另外：besides→moreover
导致：cause→lead to
更糟糕的是：worse still→what’s worse
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：A recording pen at such a price shouldn’t have so many problems.
拓展句：A recording pen which is at such a price shouldn’t have so many problems.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to tell you something about the recording pen I bought on your website last week. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句，省略了that)
[高分句型2] Besides, it’s not easy to operate, which caused me much trouble. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During the summer before Patty entered fifth grade, she decided to try a new sport. Swim training was nearly over and Patty was the fastest swimmer in her age group. She had always been the best. The neighborhood was offering a one-week tennis training course. Patty and her friend Darla got permission from their parents to join.
On Saturday morning, Darla’s mom took the girls to a store and bought them each a good, used tennis racket. “If you girls stick to tennis, then we’ll talk about a new racket. These will do for now.” The girls were excited about their new purchases. On Monday morning, at 7:00 a.m., Patty’s mom woke her up. “It’s time for tennis!” Patty covered her face. “Mom, it’s too early!” She made great effort to get out of bed and down to the breakfast table. Patty finished breakfast and ran to Darla’s house, then they walked to the court.
Mrs. Cane, the tennis coach, lined everyone up and started with the basics. After that, Mrs. Cane tirelessly taught them to practice their forehand and backhand. By the end of the week, Patty had made impressive progress. Mrs. Cane commented that Patty had lots of potential. Darla, on the other hand, was struggling. The other teenagers were having a tough time of it, too. Patty was the only one who seemed to get somewhere.
Since then, Darla had always been out in the August heat, practicing her serves or hitting the ball. Patty wasn’t really interested. She felt she was such a “natural” for tennis that she really didn’t need to practice. By the end of the summer, Darla began to get the hang of it. She joined a neighborhood junior tennis team. There would be matches every Thursday. Patty wanted to join as well, but she didn’t want to miss her favorite TV show. She told herself that she would join it when she got some free time. If Darla had fun, she would join the team in the spring.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The week before school started, Mrs. Cane held another training course.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Patty couldn’t stop thinking of her poor performance on the way home.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】【参考范文】
The week before school started, Mrs. Cane held another training course. Darla and Patty signed up immediately. In a class, Mrs. Cane asked the teenagers to play in turn. Darla came first, impressing others with her excellent performance. Mrs. Cane was pleased with Darla’s progress. “Well, I can tell who’s been practicing!” she smiled. Soon it was Patty’s turn. Everyone looked at the “talent” expectantly. Yet, Patty had not practiced and was far behind the rest, which was a shock for all. Patty was upset and absent until the class was over.
Patty couldn’t stop thinking of her poor performance on the way home. She realized she needed change if she still wanted to continue with tennis. The next day, Patty came to Darla’s team when they practiced to ask whether she could join. Warmly welcomed, she became a member of the team that day. Weak though she was, Patty enjoyed herself and worked hard at practice. She finally found that “natural talent” got her nowhere without diligence and she was able to join in the fun. That was one of the best lessons of her life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在暑假期间，Patty和她的朋友Darla一起加入了Mrs. Cane的网球培训课。Mrs. Cane不知疲倦地教他们练习正手和反手，起初，Patty进步很快，被教练称赞具有天赋，Darla和课上其他同学却学得艰难，所以Darla一直勤加练习，练习发球或击球，Patty并不是很感兴趣，她觉得自己打网球是天生的，根本不需要练习。夏末的时候，Darla开始掌握了窍门，她加入了附近的青少年网球队，Patty也想加入，但是又想看电视。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“开学前一周，Mrs. Cane又举办了一次培训课程。”可知，第一段可描写Patty和Darla在培训课程上的表现。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，帕蒂一直在想她糟糕的表现。”可知，第二段可描写Patty加入了Darla的队伍，并且醒悟了，知道了勤奋练习的重要性。
2.续写线索：Darla得第一名——Mrs.Cane高兴——Patty表现不好——Patty反省——Patty加入Darla的队伍——Patty努力练习——Patty感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①得第一：come first/take the first place
②远远落后：be far behind/fall further behind
③意识到：realize/be aware
情绪类
①高兴的：pleased/delighted
②沮丧的：upset/dispirited
【点睛】[高分句型1] Yet, Patty had not practiced and was far behind the rest, which was a shock for all. (由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] She realized she needed change if she still wanted to continue with tennis. (由if引导的条件状语从句和that引导的宾语从句，省略了连接词that)
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